by Michael D. Robbins
Director, Public Safety Project, PublicSafetyProject.org

Labor unions have a long history of violent crime in the U.S., including racketeering, harassment, intimidation, extortion, sabotage, arson, assault, murder, mass-murder, domestic terrorism, and more. This legacy of union thuggery continues to this day for many labor unions, and the guilty often go unpunished and are allowed to continue their anti-social criminal behavior.

Although some news reporters dubbed the O. J. Simpson double-murder trial as “the trial of the century”, another far more significant though shorter trial was given that label early in the twentieth century.

The McNamara brothers, James B. McNamara and John J. McNamara, were active in the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, a labor union headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. The union organized and represented workers in the construction industry, and was particularly active on the West Coast. Los Angeles Times publisher Harrison Gray Otis used his newspaper to accuse the union of being responsible for the dynamiting of construction sites that used non-union labor.

On October 1, 1910, in an act of domestic terrorism and mass-murder, a bomb exploded in the Los Angeles Times downtown printing plant building, murdering 20 people and causing considerable damage to the building. Soon after that, there was another bombing at the Llewellyn Iron Works in Los Angeles.

Evidence was found linking the two McNamara brothers to these bombings, and they were put on trial. The trial began on December 1, 1911. James B. McNamara ultimately admitted to bombing the Times building, and John J. McNamara confessed to dynamiting the Llewellyn Iron Works. On December 5, 1911, Judge Walter Bordwell sentenced James McNamara to life in prison, and John McNamara to 15 years in prison.

In a more recent case of union thuggery and terrorism, an indictment was unsealed on February 18, 2014 and arrests were made in a case charging 10 members of the Ironworkers Local 401 union with allegedly participating in a conspiracy to commit criminal acts of extortion, arson, destruction of property, and assault in order to force construction contractors to hire union ironworkers.

“The strong-arm tactics we have seen in this case are outrageous and brazen,” said FBI Special Agent in Charge Edward J. Hanko, adding that “violence, intimidation, arson, and sabotage are crimes which won’t be tolerated. This investigation has been wide-ranging, but it is far from over. Now that this indictment has been unsealed, we expect to hear from more victims and will aggressively pursue all other leads we receive.”

If convicted of all charges, four of the 10 defendants each face a mandatory minimum term of 35 years in prison up to a statutory maximum of 130 years.

The indictment charges RICO conspiracy, violent crime in aid of racketeering, three counts of arson, two counts of use of fire to commit a felony, and conspiracy to commit arson. RICO refers to 18 U.S. Code Chapter 96 – Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations.

Eight of the 10 individuals named in the indictment are charged with conspiring to use Ironworkers Local 401 as an enterprise to commit criminal acts. The indictment details incidents in which the defendants threatened or assaulted contractors or their employees and damaged construction equipment and job sites as part of a concerted effort to force contractors to hire and pay Local 401 workers, even when those workers performed no function. Among the criminal acts set forth in the indictment is the December 2012 arson of a Quaker Meetinghouse under construction in Philadelphia.

According to the indictment, the defendants had a network of individuals, friendly to the Ironworkers Local 401, to spy on, scout out, and help identify construction projects and job sites where work was being performed without using Local 401 union members. Union business agents allegedly approached construction foremen at those work sites and implied or explicitly threatened violence, destruction of property or other criminal acts unless union members were hired.

The defendants relied on a reputation for violence and sabotage, which had been built up in the community over many years, in order to force contractors to hire union members. It is alleged that the defendants created “goon” squads, composed of union members and associates, to commit assaults, arsons, and destruction of property. One such squad referred to itself as the “The Helpful Union Guys”, or THUGs.

The indictment alleges that in the December 2012 arson of the Quaker Meeting House, after the contractor refused to hire union ironworkers, defendants Walsh, Gillin, and Hennigar went to the construction site at 20 East Mermaid Lane in Philadelphia. They set a crane on fire and cut steel beams and bolts.

In another episode of union thuggery set forth in the indictment, members of the Ironworkers Local 401 union picketed a construction site near King of Prussia Mall between May and June 2010 because the contractor did not hire union workers. It is alleged defendant Richard Ritchie and three others later resorted to violence when they assaulted some of the non-union workers with baseball bats.

In the July 2013 episode of union thuggery, the indictment alleges that defendants Sweeney and O’Donnell, under Dougherty’s direction, set up a picket line and threatened the contractor of an apartment complex under construction at 31st and Spring Garden Streets if he did not hire Local 401 members. According to the indictment, the contractor relinquished his profits and turned the job over to a union-affiliated contractor as a result of the threats.

The following ten Ironworkers Local 401 union officials and members were included in the indictment, and are facing prison terms from the specified mandatory minimum terms up to the specified statutory maximum terms if convicted of all charges:

• Joseph Dougherty, 72, of Philadelphia, union financial secretary/business manager, 35 to 130 years;
• Edward Sweeney, 55, of Philadelphia, union business agent, 35 to 130 years;
• Francis Sean O’Donnell, 43, of Warminster, Pennsylvania, union business agent, up to 20 years;
• Christopher Prophet, 43, of Richboro, Pennsylvania, union business agent, up to 40 years;
• William O’Donnell, 61, of Cherry Hill, New Jersey, union business agent, up to 20 years;
• James Walsh, 49, of Philadelphia, union member, 35 to 130 years;
• William Gillin, 42, of Philadelphia, union member, 35 to 130 years;
• Richard Ritchie, 44, of Philadelphia, union member, up to 40 years;
• Daniel Hennigar, 53, of Philadelphia, union member, 15 to 40 years; and
• Greg Sullivan, 49, of Philadelphia., union member, 5 to 40 years.

The charges were jointly announced on February 18, 2014 by the following government officials:

• United States Attorney Zane David Memeger;
• FBI Special Agent in Charge Edward J. Hanko;
• Special Agent in Charge John Spratley with the Department of Labor’s Office of Inspector General; and
• Special Agent in Charge Sam Rabadi with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (BATFE).

The case was investigated jointly by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Department of Labor Office of Inspector General, with assistance provided by the Philadelphia Police Department Corruption Task Force; East Whiteland Township Police Department; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; and the Employee Benefit Security Administration. It is being prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorney Robert Livermore with legal assistance from Gerald Toner, Acting Deputy Chief for Labor-Management Racketeering, Organized Crime, and Gang Section at the Department of Justice.

The complete text of the official FBI press release, dated February 18, 2014, is given below.

http://www.fbi.gov/philadelphia/press-releases/2014/racketeering-and-arson-charges-filed-against-members-of-ironworkers-union

THE FBI

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

Philadelphia Division

Racketeering and Arson Charges Filed Against Members of Ironworkers Union

Places of Worship Among Arson Targets

U.S. Attorney’s Office
February 18, 2014

Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(215) 861-8200

PHILADELPHIA—An indictment (an indictment, information, or criminal complaint is an accusation. A defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty.) was unsealed today and arrests were made in a case charging 10 members of Ironworkers Local 401 with allegedly participating in a conspiracy to commit criminal acts of extortion, arson, destruction of property, and assault in order to force construction contractors to hire union ironworkers. Specifically, the indictment charges RICO conspiracy, violent crime in aid of racketeering, three counts of arson, two counts of use of fire to commit a felony, and conspiracy to commit arson. Eight of the 10 individuals named in the indictment are charged with conspiring to use Ironworkers Local 401 as an enterprise to commit criminal acts. Joseph Dougherty, 72, of Philadelphia, the financial secretary/business manager of Local 401, was one of the eight individuals charged with racketeering conspiracy. The indictment details incidents in which the defendants threatened or assaulted contractors or their employees and damaged construction equipment and job sites as part of a concerted effort to force contractors to hire and pay Local 401 workers, even when those workers performed no function. Among the criminal acts set forth in the indictment is the December 2012 arson of a Quaker Meetinghouse under construction in Philadelphia.

Charged with Dougherty are business agents Edward Sweeney, 55, of Philadelphia; Francis Sean O’Donnell, 43, of Warminster, Pennsylvania; Christopher Prophet, 43, of Richboro, Pennsylvania; William O’Donnell, 61, of Cherry Hill, New Jersey; union members James Walsh, 49; William Gillin, 42; Richard Ritchie, 44; Daniel Hennigar, 53; and Greg Sullivan, 49, all of Philadelphia.

The charges were announced today by United States Attorney Zane David Memeger, FBI Special Agent in Charge Edward J. Hanko, Special Agent in Charge John Spratley with the Department of Labor’s Office of Inspector General, and Special Agent in Charge Sam Rabadi with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.

According to the indictment, the defendants had a network of individuals, friendly to the Ironworkers Local 401, to help identify construction projects and job sites where work was being performed without using Local 401 members. The indictment alleges that business agents would approach construction foremen at those work sites and imply or explicitly threaten violence, destruction of property or other criminal acts unless union members were hired. The defendants relied on a reputation for violence and sabotage, which had been built up in the community over many years, in order to force contractors to hire union members. It is alleged that the defendants created “goon” squads, composed of union members and associates, to commit assaults, arsons, and destruction of property. One such squad referred to itself as the “The Helpful Union Guys,” or THUGs.

In the December 2012 arson of the Quaker Meeting House, the indictment alleges that after the contractor refused to hire union ironworkers, defendants Walsh, Gillin, and Hennigar went to the construction site at 20 East Mermaid Lane in Philadelphia. They set a crane on fire and cut steel beams and bolts. In another episode set forth in the indictment, members of Local 401 picketed a construction site near King of Prussia Mall between May and June 2010 because the contractor did not hire union workers. It is alleged defendant Richard Ritchie and three others later resorted to violence when they assaulted some of the non-union workers with baseball bats. In the July 2013 episode, the indictment alleges that defendants Sweeney and O’Donnell, under Dougherty’s direction, set up a picket line and threatened the contractor of an apartment complex under construction at 31st and Spring Garden Streets if he did not hire Local 401 members. According to the indictment, the contractor relinquished his profits and turned the job over to a union-affiliated contractor as a result of the threats.

“While unions have the right to legally advocate on behalf of their members, my office will not tolerate the conduct of those who use violence to further union goals,” said United States Attorney Zane David Memeger. “Union officials and members who commit arson, destroy property, use threats of physical harm, and engage in other acts of violence to extort victims on behalf of their union need to be criminally prosecuted. Today’s indictment makes that clear.”

“The strong-arm tactics we have seen in this case are outrageous and brazen—and an unfortunate blow to the worthy intentions of unionism,” said Hanko. “The fight for workers’ rights may sometimes call for tough tactics, but violence, intimidation, arson, and sabotage are crimes which won’t be tolerated. This investigation has been wide-ranging, but it is far from over. Now that this indictment has been unsealed, we expect to hear from more victims and will aggressively pursue all other leads we receive.”

If convicted of all charges, defendants Dougherty, Sweeney, Walsh, and Gillin each face a mandatory minimum term of 35 years in prison up to a statutory maximum of 130 years; defendant Hennigar faces a mandatory minimum term of 15 years in prison up to a statutory maximum of 40 years; defendant Sullivan faces a mandatory minimum term of five years in prison up to a statutory maximum of 40 years; defendants Prophet and Ritchie face a statutory maximum of up to 40 years in prison; defendants Francis and William O’Donnell each face a statutory maximum of 20 years in prison.

The case was investigated jointly by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Department of Labor Office of Inspector General, with assistance provided by the Philadelphia Police Department Corruption Task Force; East Whiteland Township Police Department; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; and the Employee Benefit Security Administration. It is being prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorney Robert Livermore with legal assistance from Gerald Toner, Acting Deputy Chief for Labor-Management Racketeering, Organized Crime, and Gang Section at the Department of Justice.

FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. government, U.S. Department of Justice